Mechanical properties and phases determination of low carbon steel oxide scales formed at 1200 °C in air

In this study, low carbon steel oxides were obtained at different temperatures between 800 degrees C and 1200 degrees C in air. The surface roughness values of these oxides were found to be significantly dependent on the oxidation temperature. The phase identification of the oxides formed in the laboratory at 1200 degrees C and an industrial calamine were characterised using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the three resultant oxide layers were composed of mixtures of different percentages of hematite, magnetite and wastite. The mechanical properties of the oxides obtained at 1200 degrees C in the laboratory were characterised by microhardness and nanoindentation. It was observed that the elastic modulus, hardness and elastic recovery decreased from the outer to the inner oxide layers while the depth relaxation by creep increased from the outer to the inner oxide layers. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.