Numerical Modelling of Non-equilibrium Condensation of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in a Converging-diverging Nozzle

The condensing flow model is developed to predict the non-equilibrium condensation of CO2 in a converging diverging nozzle using computational fluid dynamics modelling, which is expected to contribute to the carbon capture and storage. The numerical result shows that the nucleation process of CO2 occurs hi the downstream of the nozzle throat where the extremely non-equilibrium state is reached, which generates the maximum value of the nucleation rate of approximately 2.5 x 10(18) m(-3) s(-1). The excessive nucleation induces the growth of the condensed droplet and the liquid fraction increase in the diverging part of the supersonic nozzle with achieving 8% of the total mass at the nozzle exit.