Analysis of lysophophatidylcholine-induced endothelial dysfunction

Endothelial dysfunction caused by the early atherosclerotic process or by endothelial exposure to atherogenic lipids, including lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), is characterized by a selective impairment of responses mediated by the pertussis toxin-sensitive G(i-2) protein. Experiments were performed to analyze the mechanisms underlying this effect. Bradykinin (BK: G(i-2) protein-independent), serotonin (5-HT: G(i-2) protein-dependent), or direct activation of the G(i-2)-protein by mastoparan increased the release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) from porcine arterial endothelial cells (EC). LysoPC decreased the release of EDNO caused by 5-HT, but did not affect the response to BK or mastoparan. LysoPC did not increase production of su peroxide radicals detected by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Western blot analysis showed no difference in the level of immunoreactive G(i alpha-2) between control and lysoPC-treated cells. Activation of the G(i-2) protein by serotonergic or alpha(2)-adrenoceptor stimulation decreased the pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of G(i alpha-2) protein in membranes from control but not lysoPC-treated cells. However, direct activation of the G(i-2) protein by mastoparan inhibited the ADP-ribosylation in membranes from control and lysoPC-treated cells. The toxin-catalyzed reaction was reduced in lysoPC-treated cells or lysoPC-treated membranes. LysoPC reduced the ability of endothelin to increase GTP gamma S binding to the G(i-2) protein but did not affect the activity of mastoparan. These results suggest that lysoPC inhibits a pertussis toxin-sensitive signaling pathway in EC by an effect consistent with receptor:G(i-2)-protein uncoupling.