Should bone scintigraphy be used as a routine adjunct to skeletal survey in the imaging of non-accidental injury? A 10 year review of reports in a single centre

AIM: To retrospectively analyse the bone scintigraphy (BS) and skeletal survey (SS) data to evaluate the role and limitations of BS in the diagnosis of non-accidental injury (NAI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: All SS and BS performed over a 10 year period, for possible NAI, in children under 2 years old were retrospectively reviewed. Reports were compared in cases where both studies were performed and findings classified into one of three groups: (1) congruent: both reports agreed; (2) BS added confidence to the SS findings; (3) BS demonstrated a new finding. False-positive and false-negative rates for BS were calculated. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-six patients had both SS and BS. The findings were congruent in 74% of cases. BS added confidence to the SS findings in 8% and revealed a new abnormality in 4% of patients. BS demonstrated false-positive and -negative rates of 2% and 13%, respectively. Occult bony injury was detected in 12% of the 237 patients imaged. DISCUSSION: When used as an adjunct to SS in the investigation of NAI, BS can aid the confidence of diagnosis or identify new findings in 12% of cases. In centres where nuclear medicine is readily available and there is appropriate expertise in paediatric BS, this modality provides a time-effective alternative to follow-up SS at 10-14 days. (C) 2015 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.