Numerical simulation on gas-liquid multiphase flow in hot metal ladle with top submerged lance

The gas-liquid multiphase flow behaviours in hot metal ladle are simulated by using Eulerian-Eulerian approach. The effects of wall lubrication force and virtual mass force on bubble behaviours are investigated, and the influences of bubble diameter and gas flow rate on bubble behaviours and liquid flow characteristics are also analysed. The results show that the established model eliminates the gas-adhering wall phenomenon in the water model of hot metal ladle. When the wall lubrication force is considered, some bubbles are pushed away from the submerged lance wall. The penetration depth of the bubble trajectory increases under the action of virtual mass force, increasing the bubble dispersion in the liquid phase. As the bubble diameter increases, the gas velocity increases, while the maximum values of liquid velocity and liquid turbulent energy decrease. At larger gas flow rate, the liquid region impacted by gas flow is larger.