Trigonella plants are semiarid crops grown all over the planet where their seeds and leaves are commonly utilized in cosmetic, medical and therapeutic purposes. Despite substantial research on the seeds, comprehensive study of Trigonella leaves extracts has not been documented. In this work, chemical profiling of T. foenum-graecum, T. maritima, T. hamosa and T. stellata leaves extracts using UHPLC-QqQ-MS, where the relationship between the bioactive elements of the leaves and their in-vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glycosidase inhibitory potential was investigated through employment of integrated metabolomics and chemometric analyses. 50 compounds were identified with saponins, flavonoids and pterocarpans being the most abundant classes in all extracts while amino acids accumulated exclusively in T. foenum-graecum. Orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis models coefficients plots revealed hamoside B, sarsaponin, and trigocoumarin were correlated positively to T. hamosa leaves while, quercetin, quercetin hexoside, and isoschaftoside, were correlated to T. stellata. Oxovaleric acid, trigraecum, and trigoneoside were correlated positively to T. maritima class. Further, the amino acids hyroxyisoleucine and ketoleucine, and the alkaloid trigonelline correlated strongly to T. foenum-graecum. The recognition of inhibitory alpha-amylase and alpha-glycosidase discriminatory metabolites was investigated through OPLS discriminatory model construction along with correlation coefficients analysis which depicted that 4hydroxyisoleucine, trigonelline and hamoside B were the main constituents positively correlated to alpha-amylase inhibitory acivity while quecetin, quercetin hexoside and isoschaftoside possessed the highest positive correlation to alpha-glycosidase inhibitory effect. This research lays the groundwork for future research into the antidiabetic potential of the leaves of different Trigonella species which were revealed to be valuable sources of bioactive chemical compounds.
