Machine learning for geographically differentiated climate change mitigation in urban areas

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are transforming scientific disciplines, but their full potential for climate change mitigation remains elusive. Here, we conduct a systematic review of applied machine learning studies that are of relevance for climate change mitigation, focusing specifically on the fields of remote sensing, urban transportation, and buildings. The relevant body of literature spans twenty years and is growing exponentially. We show that the emergence of big data and machine learning methods enables climate solution research to overcome generic recommendations and provide policy solutions at urban, street, building and household scale, adapted to specific contexts, but scalable to global mitigation potentials. We suggest a meta-algorithmic architecture and framework for using machine learning to optimize urban planning for accelerating, improving and transforming urban infrastructure provision.