A moment frozen in time: evidence of a late fifth-century massacre at Sandby borg

The European Migration Period (c. AD 400-550) was characterised by political, social and economic instability. Recent excavations at Sandby borg ringfort on the island of oland in Sweden have revealed indisputable evidence of a massacre which occurred at that time. Osteological, contextual and artefactual evidence strongly suggest that the fort was abandoned immediately following the attack and was left undisturbed throughout antiquity. Sandby borg offers a unique snapshot of domestic life and abrupt death in the Scandinavian Migration Period, and provides evidence highly relevant to studies of ancient conflict, and on social and military aspects of Iron Age and Migration Period societies.