Interplay between the immune system and adipose tissue in obesity

被引:173
作者
Exley, Mark A. [1 ,2 ]
Hand, Laura [2 ]
O'Shea, Donal [3 ]
Lynch, Lydia [1 ]
机构
[1] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[2] Univ Manchester, MCCIR, Fac Med & Human Sci, Manchester M13 9NT, Lancs, England
[3] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, St Vincents Univ Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Dublin 4, Ireland
关键词
CD1d; NKT cells; adipocytes; lipids; KILLER T-CELLS; ALTERNATIVELY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES; INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE; INNATE LYMPHOID TYPE-2; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; INVARIANT NKT CELLS; PPAR-GAMMA; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; HEPATIC STEATOSIS;
D O I
10.1530/JOE-13-0516
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic disease, with white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation emerging as a key underlying pathology. Alongside its major role in energy storage, WAT is an important endocrine organ, producing many bioactive molecules, termed adipokines, which not only serve as regulators of systemic metabolism, but also possess immunoregulatory properties. Furthermore, WAT contains a unique immune cell repertoire, including an accumulation of leukocytes that are rare in other locations. These include alternatively activated macrophages, invariant natural killer T cells, and regulatory T cells. Disruption of resident adipose leukocyte homeostasis contributes to obesity-associated inflammation and consequent metabolic disorder. Despite many recent advances in this new field of immuno-metabolism, fundamental questions of why and how inflammation arises as obesity develops are not yet fully understood. Exploring the distinct immune system of adipose tissue is fundamental to our understanding of the endocrine as well as immune systems. In this review, we discuss the roles of adipose tissue leukocytes in the transition to obesity and progression of inflammation and highlight potential anti-inflammatory therapies for combating obesity-related pathology.
引用
收藏
页码:R41 / R48
页数:8
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