The activity coefficients at low dilution of NiO, CoO and CrO in similar to 30 silicate melt compositions in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CMAS) have been determined with a precision of 3% to 5%, one standard deviation, at 1400 degrees C by equilibration with the pure metal under controlled oxygen fugacity (Ni and Co) or with Cr2C3-graphite-CO. The activity coefficients vary by a factor of two over the range of melt compositions studied, but show no simple correlation with melt chemistry or melt structural descriptors. The variation in activity coefficients with melt composition among NiO, CoO and CrO is nevertheless highly correlated, as it also seems to be with the oxides of other divalent cations of similar ionic radius (e,g., Fe2+, Mg). In the case of NiO and CoO, the correlation is essentially perfect within the precision of the measurements, that is, the ratio gamma(NiO)/gamma(CoO) is the same for all melt compositions, implying that these two cations occupy a similar distribution of coordination environments in all the investigated CMAS melts. The deviations from a one-to-one correlation of the activity coefficient of CrO with those of NiO and CoO may be due to Cr2+ cations occurring in a distribution with more distorted coordination environrnents. due to the strong Jahn-Teller effect in this cation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
