Distribution of magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium in tissues of the hip joint

The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium in tissues of the hip joint and to look for any correlations between these minerals. The study was performed using hip joint samples taken from people living in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region in Poland. Ninety one subjects, 66 women and 25 men, were included in this study. The samples were obtained intra-operatively during hip joint replacement procedures. The concentrations of magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Our results showed that these minerals are most abundant in the cancellous bone of the hip joint. They were found next more abundantly in the cortical bone and the cancellous bone from the intertrochanteric area. Levels of magnesium, potassium and calcium were lower in articular cartilage compared with other parts of the hip joint; however, sodium levels were at their highest in this tissue. The lowest levels of these minerals were found in the articular capsule. Those patients with fractures of the femoral neck had lower levels of magnesium, potassium, and calcium, but higher levels of sodium compared with the group with degenerative changes. We can also confirm that in the population studied, calcium levels in cancellous bone of the head of the femur decreased with age.