Trends in risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Canada: temporal, socio-demographic and geographic factors

被引:147
作者
Lee, Douglas S. [1 ,2 ]
Chiu, Maria [1 ,4 ]
Manuel, Douglas G. [1 ]
Tu, Karen [1 ,3 ]
Wang, Xuesong [1 ]
Austin, Peter C. [1 ,5 ]
Mattern, Michelle Y. [1 ]
Mitiku, Tezeta F. [1 ,6 ]
Svenson, Lawrence W. [7 ,8 ,9 ]
Putnam, Wayne [10 ]
Flanagan, William M. [11 ]
Tu, Jack V. [1 ,5 ,12 ]
机构
[1] Inst Clin Evaluat Sci, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
[2] Univ Hlth Network, Div Cardiol, Toronto, ON, Canada
[3] Univ Hlth Network, Dept Family Med, Toronto, ON, Canada
[4] Univ Toronto, Inst Med Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
[5] Univ Toronto, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Evaluat, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
[6] Queens Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Kingston, ON, Canada
[7] Alberta Hlth & Wellness, Edmonton, AB, Canada
[8] Univ Alberta, Sch Publ Hlth, Edmonton, AB, Canada
[9] Univ Calgary, Community Hlth Serv, Calgary, AB, Canada
[10] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Family Med, Halifax, NS, Canada
[11] STAT Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
[12] Sunnybrook Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
关键词
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; SOCIOECONOMIC POSITION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; MORTALITY; HYPERTENSION; LIFE; OBESITY; PREVALENCE;
D O I
10.1503/cmaj.081629
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Background: Temporal trends in risk factors for cardiovascular disease and the impact of socio-economic status on these risk factors remain unclear. Methods: Using data from the National Population Health Survey and the Canadian Community Health Survey, we examined national trends in heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and smoking prevalence from 1994 to 2005, adjusting for age and sex. We stratified data by income adequacy category, body mass index and region of residence. Results: An estimated 1.29 million Canadians reported having heart disease in 2005, representing increases of 19% for men and 2% for women, relative to 1994. Heart disease increased significantly in the lowest income category (by 27%), in the lower middle income category (by 37%) and in the upper middle income category (by 12%); however, it increased by only 6% in the highest income group. Diabetes increased in all but the highest income group: by 56% in the lowest income group, by 93% in the lower middle income group and by 59% in the upper middle income group. Hypertension increased in all income groups: by 85% in the lowest income group, by 80% in the lower middle income group, by 91% in the upper middle income group and by 117% in the highest income group. Obesity also increased in all income groups: by 20% in the lowest income group, by 25% in the lower middle income group, by 33% in the upper middle income group and by 37% in the highest income group. In addition to socio-economic status, obesity and overweight also modified the trends in risk factors. Diabetes increased to a greater extent among obese participants (61% increase) and overweight participants (25% increase), as did hypertension, which increased by 80% among obese individuals and by 74% among overweight individuals. Trends in diabetes, hypertension and obesity were consistent for all provinces. Interpretation: During the study period, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and obesity increased for all or most income groups in Canada. Further interventions supporting modification of lifestyle and risk factors are needed to prevent future cardiovascular disease.
引用
收藏
页码:E55 / E66
页数:12
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