Beneficial effects of Apple Cider Vinegar on weight management, Visceral Adiposity Index and lipid profile in overweight or obese subjects receiving restricted calorie diet: A randomized clinical trial

A randomized, clinical trial was performed to examine whether Apple cider vinegar (ACV) can result in dietary modifications that provides beneficial effects on the management of body weight and serum metabolic profiles in overweight or obese individuals. The participants (n = 39) were randomly allocated into the ACV (subjected to a restricted calorie diet (RCD) with 250 kcal/day energy deficit and 30 mL/d of ACV)) or the control group (RCD only) for 12 weeks. The ACV significantly reduced body weight, BMI, Hip circumference, visceral adiposity index (VAI) and appetite score (P <= 0.00). Furthermore, Plasma triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels significantly decreased and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration significantly increased in the ACV group in comparison to the control group (P <= 0.05). Thus, ACV along with RCD can be considered as an effective strategy for reducing anthropometric parameters, TG and TC level, VAI, appetite and increasing HDL-C concentration in overweight or obese individuals.