Testing the irreducibility of nonsquare Perron-Frobenius systems

The Perron-Frobenius (PF) theorem provides a simple characterization of the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of irreducible nonnegative square matrices. A generalization of the PF theorem to nonsquare matrices, which can be interpreted as representing systems with additional degrees of freedom, was recently presented in [1]. This generalized theorem requires a notion of irreducibility for nonsquare systems. A suitable definition, based on the property that every maximal square (legal) subsystem is irreducible, is provided in [1], and is shown to be necessary and sufficient for the generalized theorem to hold. This note shows that irreducibility of a nonsquare system can be tested in polynomial time. The analysis uses a graphic representation of the nonsquare system, termed the constraint graph, representing the flow of influence between the constraints of the system. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.