Early Left Ventricular Involvement Detected by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: The Effects of Left Ventricular Late Gadolinium Enhancement and Right Ventricular Dysfunction

Background-Left ventricular (LV) involvement is common in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). We aim to evaluate LV involvement in ARVC patients by cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking. Methods and Results-Sixty-eight patients with ARVC and 30 controls were prospectively enrolled. ARVC patients were divided into 2 subgroups: the preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF) group (LVEF >= 55%, n=27) and the reduced LVEF group (LVEF <55%, n=41). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking were performed in all subjects. LV global and regional (basal, mid, apical) peak strain (PS) in radial, circumferential and longitudinal directions were assessed, respectively. Right ventricular global PS in three directions were also analyzed. Compared with the controls, LV global and regional PS were all significantly impaired in the reduced LVEF group (all P<0.05). However, only LV global longitudinal PS as well as mid and apical longitudinal PS were impaired in the preserved LVEF group (all P<0.05), and all these parameters were significantly associated with right ventricular global radial PS (r=-0.47, -0.47, and -0.49, respectively, all P<0.001). The reduced LVEF group showed significantly higher prevalence of LGE (95.10% versus 63.00%, P=0.002) than the preserved LVEF group. Moreover, LV radial PS was significantly reduced in LV segments with LGE (33.15 +/- 20.42%, n=46) than those without LGE (41.25 +/- 15.98%, n=386) in the preserved LVEF group (P=0.016). Conclusions-In patients with ARVC, cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking could detect early LV dysfunction, which was associated with LV myocardial LGE and right ventricular dysfunction.