Effects of periodontal treatment on the medical status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study

Background: Studies have demonstrated that periodontal disease is associated with the development of systemic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate which markers among various systemic disease parameters are affected by periodontal treatment in patients with T2DM. Methods: Twelve patients with T2DM were given oral hygiene instructions and subsequent subgingival scaling and root planing. The periodontal status was recorded, and blood and urine samples were taken to measure various parameters of glucose control and systemic status at baseline and 1 month following the periodontal treatment. Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: After the periodontal treatment, the glycated hemoglobin value was significantly improved. The levels of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and albumin, which are markers of renal dysfunction, also decreased significantly after treatment. Among the parameters measured in serum, the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level, which is usually interpreted as a marker of liver dysfunction, was significantly reduced. The serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were also significantly reduced by periodontal treatment. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this pilot study, periodontal treatment may be effective not only in improving metabolic control, but also in reducing the risk of diabetic kidney and liver disease in patients with T2DM.