A metacognitive model of attitudes

The Cohen and Reed model of attitudes provides a useful addition to the literature. This article relates their framework to a metacognitive model of attitudes suggesting that attitude objects are associated not only with positive and/or negative evaluative tags but also with validity tags. According to this model, an attitude can be described as univalent (either positive or negative associations exist), explicitly ambivalent (both positive and negative associations exist and are endorsed), or implicitly ambivalent (one evaluative association is endorsed, and the opposite exists but is rejected).