The Origins and Early Days of the Three Rs Concept

被引：32

作者：

Balls, Michael ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] FRAME, Nottingham NG1 4EE, England

来源：

ATLA-ALTERNATIVES TO LABORATORY ANIMALS | 2009年 / 37卷 / 03期

关键词：

alternatives; animal experimentation; Nottingham University; reduction; refinement; replacement; Russell Archive; Three Rs; UFAW; HUMANE EXPERIMENTAL-TECHNIQUE; PROGRESS;

D O I：

10.1177/026119290903700306

中图分类号：

R-3 [医学研究方法]; R3 [基础医学];

学科分类号：

1001 ;

摘要：

Some questions are answered concerning the origins of the Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) concept in relation to animal experimentation, expounded 50 years ago by Russell and Burch in The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, by reference to some key publications and to correspondence in the W.M.S. and Claire Russell Archive, which is currently being established at the University of Nottingham. Some insight is also given into the relationship between Russell and Burch, the first use of "alternatives" in the Three Rs context, and the background to the publication of the book.

引用

页码：255 / 265

页数：11