Presence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in water samples from Southeast Asia: towards an integrated water detection system

被引：33

作者：

Kumar, Thulasi ^{[1
]}

Majid, Mohamad Azlan Abd ^{[1
]}

Onichandran, Subashini ^{[1
]}

Jaturas, Narong ^{[1
,7
]}

Andiappan, Hemah ^{[1
]}

Salibay, Cristina C. ^{[2
]}

Tabo, Hazel A. L. ^{[2
]}

Tabo, Norbel ^{[2
]}

Dungca, Julieta Z. ^{[3
]}

Tangpong, Jitbanjong ^{[4
]}

Phiriyasamith, Sucheep ^{[5
]}

Yuttayong, Boonyaorn ^{[6
]}

Polseela, Raxsina ^{[7
]}

Binh Nhu Do ^{[8
]}

Sawangjaroen, Nongyao ^{[9
]}

Tan, Tian-Chye ^{[1
]}

Lim, Yvonne A. L. ^{[1
]}

Nissapatorn, Veeranoot ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Malaya, Fac Med, Dept Parasitol, Southeast Asia Water Team, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

[2] De La Salle Univ Dasmarinas, Coll Sci & Comp Studies, Biol Sci Dept, Dasmarinas, Philippines

[3] Ctr Escolar Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Manila, Philippines

[4] Walailak Univ, Sch Allied Hlth Sci & Publ Hlth, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand

[5] Kasem Bundit Univ, Grad Sch, Bangkok, Thailand

[6] Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Med Sci, Reg Med Sci Ctr, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

[7] Naresuan Univ, Fac Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Phitsanulok, Thailand

[8] Vietnam Mil Med Univ, Fac Med, Dept Parasitol, Hanoi, Vietnam

[9] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Hat Yai, Thailand

来源：

INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY | 2016年 / 5卷

关键词：

Cryptosporidium parvum; Giardia lamblia; Physicochemical; Microscopy; Real-time polymerase chain reaction; Southeast Asia; REAL-TIME PCR; WASTE-WATER; PROTOZOAN PARASITES; QUANTITATIVE PCR; HUMAN FECES; NESTED-PCR; OOCYSTS; QUANTIFICATION; SEWAGE; CYSTS;

D O I：

10.1186/s40249-016-0095-z

中图分类号：

R51 [传染病];

学科分类号：

100401 ;

摘要：

Background: Access to clean and safe drinking water that is free from pathogenic protozoan parasites, especially Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia that cause gastrointestinal illness in humans, is still an issue in Southeast Asia (SEA). This study is the first attempt to detect the aforementioned protozoan parasites in water samples from countries in SEA, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. Methods: A total of 221 water samples of 10 vertical bar each were collected between April and October 2013 from Malaysia (53), Thailand (120), the Philippines (33), and Vietnam (15). A physicochemical analysis was conducted. The water samples were processed in accordance with the US Environmental Protection Agency's methods 1622/1623.1, microscopically observed and subsequently screened using qPCR assays. Results: Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in treated water samples from the Philippines (1/10), with a concentration of 0.06 +/- 0.19 oocyst/L, and untreated water samples from Thailand (25/93), Malaysia (17/44), and the Philippines (11/23), with concentrations ranging from 0.13 +/- 0.18 to 0.57 +/- 1.41 oocyst/L. Giardia cysts were found in treated water samples from the Philippines (1/10), with a concentration of 0.02 +/- 0.06 cyst/L, and in untreated water samples from Thailand (20/93), Vietnam (5/10), Malaysia (22/44), and the Philippines (16/23), with concentrations ranging from 0.12 +/- 0.3 to 8.90 +/- 19.65 cyst/L. The pathogens C. parvum and G. lamblia were detected using using qPCR assays by targeting the 138-bp fragment and the small subunit gene, respectively. C. parvum was detected in untreated water samples from the Philippines (1/23) and Malaysia (2/44), whilst, G. lamblia detected was detected in treated water samples from the Philippines (1/10) and in untreated water samples from Thailand (21/93), Malaysia (12/44), and the Philippines (17/23). Nitrate concentration was found to have a high positive correlation with (oo) cyst (0.993). Conclusion: The presence of (oo) cysts in the water samples means that there is potential risk for zoonotic disease transmission in the studied countries. Detection using qPCR is feasible for quantifying both pathogenic C. parvum and G. lamblia in large water samples.

引用

页数：12

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