Decentralized biomass for biogas production. Evaluation and potential assessment in Punjab (India)

Punjab state has huge potential of conversion of biomass to energy that can produce estimated 3172 MW power which is the highest among all the states in India. All the developing countries are struggling with increasing energy demand and the environmental pollution. The renewable and sustainable energy resources are the best substitute to the conventional fuels and the energy sources. India is the third largest energy consumer and the third largest greenhouse gas emitting country. In the case of the state of Punjab, which is one of the top producers of biomass in the country, the share of renewable energies is still dwarfish in spite of significant opportunities. Conversion of biogas to electricity is the standard technology and power generation is the main purpose of biogas plants in the developed countries but in India it is still used as bio-CNG. Here we aim at analyzing the development and the scope of conversion of biogas to electricity in the state of Punjab in India. Massive amount of decentralized biomass resources is available in the state and there is huge potential to use this technology due to availability of biomass from the animal waste, the agriculture and the households. This study also focuses on the economic evaluation of a large-scale biogas plant in context of Indian government framework for development to the projects along with the current scenario of renewable energy resources and the power production by the large-scale Biogas power plants. Our findings show that the biogas production provides an attractive investment opportunity in the state, especially for the large-scale farms and the decentralized animal waste. Power generation to cope up the needs of Punjab can be more practicable and an environment friendly by biogas power plants as there is abundance of an organic waste material, an appropriate infrastructure and the suitable climate. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.