Upper limit on the cosmic-ray photon fraction at EeV energies from the Pierre Auger Observatory

被引：122

作者：

Abraham, J. ^{[1
]}

Abreu, P. ^{[70
,71
]}

Aglietta, M. ^{[56
]}

Aguirre, C. ^{[12
]}

Ahn, E. J. ^{[87
]}

Allard, D. ^{[28
]}

Allekotte, I. ^{[2
,3
]}

Allen, J. ^{[90
]}

Allison, P. ^{[92
]}

Alvarez-Muniz, J. ^{[79
]}

Ambrosio, M. ^{[48
,49
]}

Anchordoqui, L. ^{[102
]}

Andringa, S. ^{[70
,71
]}

Anzalone, A. ^{[55
]}

Aramo, C. ^{[48
,49
]}

Argiro, S. ^{[54
]}

Arisaka, K. ^{[95
]}

Arneodo, F. ^{[57
]}

Arqueros, F. ^{[75
]}

Asch, T. ^{[35
]}

Asorey, H. ^{[2
,3
]}

Assis, P. ^{[70
,71
]}

Aublin, J. ^{[39
]}

Ave, M. ^{[96
]}

Avila, G. ^{[10
]}

Baecker, T. ^{[39
]}

Badagnani, D. ^{[6
,7
]}

Barber, K. B. ^{[11
]}

Barbosa, A. F. ^{[14
]}

Barroso, S. L. C. ^{[19
]}

Baughman, B. ^{[92
]}

Bauleo, P. ^{[85
]}

Beatty, J. J. ^{[92
]}

Beau, T. ^{[28
]}

Becker, B. R. ^{[99
]}

Becker, K. H. ^{[33
]}

Belletoile, A. ^{[31
]}

Bellido, J. A. ^{[11
,93
]}

BenZvi, S. ^{[101
]}

Berat, C. ^{[31
]}

Bernardini, P. ^{[46
]}

Bertou, X. ^{[2
,3
]}

Biermann, P. L. ^{[36
]}

Billoir, P. ^{[30
,104
]}

Blanch-Bigas, O. ^{[30
,104
]}

Blanco, F. ^{[75
]}

Bleve, C. ^{[46
,47
]}

Bluemer, H. ^{[34
,38
]}

Bohacova, M. ^{[25
,96
]}

Bonifazi, C. ^{[30
,104
]}

机构：

[1] CNEA, CONICET, UTN FRM, Observ Meteorol Parque Gral San Martin, Mendoza, Argentina

[2] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, UNCuyo, CNEA, Ctr Atom Bariloche, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina

[3] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, UNCuyo, CNEA, Inst Balseiro, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina

[4] UTN FRBA, CONICET, Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Constituyentes, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[5] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Dept Fis, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[6] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

[7] Univ Nacl La Plata, IFLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

[8] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[9] Pierre Auger So Observ, Malargue, Argentina

[10] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Malargue, Argentina

[11] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

[12] Univ Catolica Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia

[13] Univ Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia

[14] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

[15] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

[16] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-01498 Sao Paulo, Brazil

[17] Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil

[18] Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira De Santana, BA, Brazil

[19] Univ Estadual Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitoria Da Conquista, BA, Brazil

[20] Univ Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil

[21] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil

[22] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

[23] Univ Fed Fluminense, Inst Fis, BR-24020 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil

[24] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Prague, Czech Republic

[25] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic

[26] Palacky Univ, CR-77147 Olomouc, Czech Republic

[27] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, F-91405 Orsay, France

[28] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab AstroParticule & Cosmol APC, Paris, France

[29] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, LAL, F-91405 Orsay, France

[30] Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Paris 05, France

[31] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, INPG,Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France

[32] SUBATECH, Nantes, France

[33] Berg Univ Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

[34] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany

[35] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Prozessdatenverarbeitung & Elekt, Karlsruhe, Germany

[36] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-5300 Bonn, Germany

[37] Univ Aachen, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys A3, D-5100 Aachen, Germany

[38] Univ Karlsruhe TH, Inst Expt Kernphys, Karlsruhe, Germany

[39] Univ Siegen, Siegen, Germany

[40] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy

[41] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, Genoa, Italy

[42] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Laquila, Italy

[43] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy

[44] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Milan, Italy

[45] Univ Milan, Milan, Italy

[46] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lecce, Italy

[47] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Fis, Lecce, Italy

[48] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Naples, Italy

[49] Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

[50] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy

来源：

ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS | 2009年 / 31卷 / 06期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 澳大利亚研究理事会; 巴西圣保罗研究基金会; 英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

FLUORESCENCE; DETECTOR;

D O I：

10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.04.003

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

From direct observations of the longitudinal development of ultra-high energy air showers performed with the Pierre Auger Observatory, upper limits of 3.8%, 2.4%, 3.5% and 11.7% (at 95% c.l.) are obtained on the fraction of cosmic-ray photons above 2, 3, 5 and 10 EeV (1 EeV equivalent to 10(18) eV), respectively. These are the first experimental limits on ultra-high energy photons at energies below 10 EeV. The results complement previous constraints on top-down models from array data and they reduce systematic uncertainties in the interpretation of shower data in terms of primary flux, nuclear composition and proton-air cross-section. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：399 / 406

页数：8

共 34 条

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