Effect of germinated brown rice flour on volatile compounds and sensory evaluation of germinated brown rice steamed bread

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of partial substitution of wheat flour with germinated brown rice flour (GBRF) (0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%) on the volatiles, sensory properties, and characteristics analysis of steamed bread. A total of 14 volatiles were detected in all samples. The obtained results showed differences in the volatile composition of the different substitutions of steamed bread. Compared to control (0% GBRF), add GBRF to improve the flavor and odor of China steamed bread, particularly, ethanol, 2-pentylfuran, and benzaldehyde characteristic rice volatile compounds increased significantly. When the proportion of GBRF without more than 50%, the steamed bread revealed a reduction of the overall acceptability, but it was still acceptable (total score > 85). It was noteworthy that the taste of CSB was positively correlated with their levels of benzaldehyde; the sensory total score was negatively correlated with styrene, 2-octanone. Increased addition of GBRF increased the hardness, while decreasing the specific volume. GBRF can be used in CSB up to 50% with wheat flour to improve the flavor and shape of CSB without compromising eating quality. Practical applications Addition of GBRF diversifies wheat flour products with certain modification on nutritional qualities and steamed bread flavor, therefore, could expand GBRF in overall food applications. These findings could provide some insights for industrial research and development using GBR for novel staple foods. It may stimulate further interest in using GBR for novel product development.