The Methodology of Modeling and Optimization of Technologies in Crop Production

For any model of economies, the procedures of choosing, building models and optimizing technologies in crop production are used, especially for resource-intensive crops such as sugar beet and its testes. The concept of chemical and technological intensification of agriculture in many countries is based on consumer perceptions of its supposedly unlimited capabilities. In the modern interpretation, the procedure of building models of technologies in agricultural production should be based on adaptive methodology. This technique has not been developed for machine technologies. (Research purpose) The research purpose was for developing a method of modeling and optimizing of machine technologies in crop production using the sugar beet. (Materials and methods) According to the national agricultural development program, it is planned to bring sugar security to the level of 80-90%. Technological improvement and machine technology play a major role in the program. It was found that used in many countries the common agricultural technology of sugar beet production includes the following operations: basic tillage; early spring and pre-sowing tillage; sowing; care of beet crops, including chemical protection; harvesting. It was found that Russian technologies in comparison with foreign ones do not provide the necessary productivity and reduce resource costs. However, foreign technologies are focused on chemical weeding, which pollutes the environment. Due to production features, Russian technologies are focused on integrated agricultural methods of beet cultivation, using mechanical, chemical and biological methods of crop processing. The article proposes the procedure of selecting, modeling, adapting and optimizing machine technologies taking into account local, i.e. zoned naturalclimatic, production, economic, environmental, etc. factors based on a systematic approach. (Conclusions) Authors have developed a method of modeling, machine technology formation and optimization for the main systems of agriculture, taking into account the level of productivity and availability of resources. According to this method, it is possible to determine the list of machines, technological materials and their characteristics, based on production conditions, ownership forms and resources. The results of the research have been used to form the System of Technologies and Machines for Russian crop production.