Interface and volume effects in biological cells and electrochemical microcells

Similarities in electrochemical and biological systems become obvious if the dimensions are reduced to some 10 mu m. This is the range of single biological cells and of micro cells in electrochemistry. The investigations of membrane potentials of living cells and the interface electrode/electrolyte or electrode/surface film/electrolyte require almost identical strategies and techniques (eg ion sensitive micro electrodes, ion clamp techniques, electronic equipment). (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.