Factors influencing the temporal coherence of five lakes in the English Lake District

被引:98
作者
George, DG [1 ]
Talling, JF [1 ]
Rigg, E [1 ]
机构
[1] Inst Freshwater Ecol, Ambleside LA22 0LP, Cumbria, England
关键词
climate change; English Lake District; eutrophication; North Atlantic Oscillation; temporal coherence;
D O I
10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00566.x
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
1. The lakes in the Windermere catchment are all deep, glacial lakes but they differ in size, shape and general productivity. Here, we examine the extent to which year-to-year variations in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of these lakes varied synchronously over a 30-40-year period. 2. Coherence was estimated by correlating time-series of the spring, summer, autumn and winter characteristics of five lakes: Esthwaite Water, Blelham Tarn, Grasmere and the North and South Basins of Windermere. Three physical, four chemical and two biological time-series were analysed and related to year-to-year variations in a number of key driving variables. 3. The highest levels of coherence were recorded for the physical and chemical variables where the average coherence was 0.81. The average coherence for the biological variables was 0.11 and there were a number of significant negative relationships. The average coherence between all possible lake pairs was 0.59 and average values ranged from 0.50 to 0.74. A graphical analysis of these results demonstrated that the coherence between individual lake pairs was influenced by the relative size of the basins as well as their trophic status. 4. A series of examples is presented to demonstrate how a small number of driving variables influenced the observed levels of coherence. These range from a simple example where the winter temperature of the lakes was correlated with the climatic index known as the North Atlantic Oscillation, to a more complex example where the summer abundance of zooplankton was correlated with wind-mixing. 5. The implications of these findings are discussed and a conceptual model developed to illustrate the principal factors influencing temporal coherence in lake systems. The model suggests that our ability to detect temporal coherence depends on the relative magnitude of three factors: (a) the amplitude of the year-to-year variations; (b) the spatial heterogeneity of the driving variables and (c) the error terms associated with any particular measurement.
引用
收藏
页码:449 / 461
页数:13
相关论文
共 28 条
[1]  
BARNSTON AG, 1987, MON WEATHER REV, V115, P1083, DOI 10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1083:CSAPOL>2.0.CO
[2]  
2
[3]   COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF CADMIUM AS REDUCING AGENTS FOR BATCH DETERMINATION OF NITRATE [J].
DAVISON, W ;
WOOF, C .
ANALYST, 1978, 103 (1225) :403-406
[4]   THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE ON LONG-TERM CHANGES IN THE CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS OF LAKE WINDERMERE, UK [J].
GEORGE, DG ;
HARRIS, GP .
NATURE, 1985, 316 (6028) :536-539
[5]   UK LAKE PLANKTON AND THE GULF-STREAM [J].
GEORGE, DG ;
TAYLOR, AH .
NATURE, 1995, 378 (6553) :139-139
[6]   The influence of year-to-year variations in winter weather on the dynamics of Daphnia and Eudiaptomus in Esthwaite Water, Cumbria [J].
George, DG ;
Hewitt, DP .
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY, 1999, 13 :45-54
[7]   DETERMINATION OF THE EQUIVALENCE POINT IN POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATIONS .2. [J].
GRAN, G .
ANALYST, 1952, 77 (920) :661-671
[8]   DECADAL TRENDS IN THE NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION - REGIONAL TEMPERATURES AND PRECIPITATION [J].
HURRELL, JW .
SCIENCE, 1995, 269 (5224) :676-679
[9]   Decadal variations in climate associated with the north Atlantic oscillation [J].
Hurrell, JW ;
VanLoon, H .
CLIMATIC CHANGE, 1997, 36 (3-4) :301-326
[10]   The influence of landscape position on lakes in northern Wisconsin [J].
Kratz, TK ;
Webster, KE ;
Bowser, CJ ;
Magnuson, JJ ;
Benson, BJ .
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY, 1997, 37 (01) :209-217