Exogenous glycinebetaine accumulation and increased salt-tolerance in rice seedlings

Exposure of 28-day-old rice seedlings for 6 days to 150 mM NaCl was found to induce drastic decreases in relative water contents, chlorophyll, and proteins in the leaves, This effect was largely prevened when before the exposure to NaCl the seedlings were treated for 4 days with 15 mM glycinebetaine, Although rice plants do not accumulate glycinebetaine endogenously, added glycinebetaine was found to be taken up by the roots and to accumulate in the leaves to reach a concentration of up to 5.0 mu mol per gram fresh weight, The level is comparable with those of barley and wheat, which are well known glycinebetaine accumulators, under salt stress, The quantum yield of PSII was decreased by 27% under salt stress, This decrease was also largely prevented by glycinebetaine application.