Sleep-Active Neurons: Conserved Motors of Sleep

被引:41
作者
Bringmann, Henrik [1 ]
机构
[1] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, Fassberg 11, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
基金
欧洲研究理事会;
关键词
Caenorhabditis elegans; Drosophila melanogaster; behavioral genetics; Danio rerio; model organisms; Mus musculus; optogenetics; sleep; STRESS-INDUCED SLEEP; SLOW-WAVE-SLEEP; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; REM-SLEEP; C; ELEGANS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; DEPENDENT PLASTICITY; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS;
D O I
10.1534/genetics.117.300521
中图分类号
Q3 [遗传学];
学科分类号
071007 ; 090102 ;
摘要
Sleep is crucial for survival and well-being. This behavioral and physiological state has been studied in all major genetically accessible model animals, including rodents, fish, flies, and worms. Genetic and optogenetic studies have identified several neurons that control sleep, making it now possible to compare circuit mechanisms across species. The motor of sleep across animal species is formed by neurons that depolarize at the onset of sleep to actively induce this state by directly inhibiting wakefulness. These sleep-inducing neurons are themselves controlled by inhibitory or activating upstream pathways, which act as the drivers of the sleep motor: arousal inhibits sleep-active neurons whereas various sleep-promoting tiredness pathways converge onto sleep-active neurons to depolarize them. This review provides the first overview of sleep-active neurons across the major model animals. The occurrence of sleep-active neurons and their regulation by upstream pathways in both vertebrate and invertebrate species suggests that these neurons are general and ancient components that evolved early in the history of nervous systems.
引用
收藏
页码:1279 / 1289
页数:11
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