Recognizing the Famine Early Warning Systems Network: Over 30 Years of Drought Early Warning Science Advances and Partnerships Promoting Global Food Security

被引:113
作者
Funk, Chris [1 ,2 ]
Shukla, Shraddhanand [2 ]
Thiaw, Wassila Mamadou [3 ]
Rowland, James [1 ]
Hoell, Andrew [4 ]
McNally, Amy [5 ]
Husak, Gregory [2 ]
Novella, Nicholas [3 ]
Budde, Michael [1 ]
Peters-Lidard, Christa [5 ]
Adoum, Aklhalil [2 ,6 ]
Galu, Gideon [2 ,6 ]
Korecha, Diriba [2 ,6 ]
Magadzire, Tamuka [2 ,6 ]
Rodriguez, Mario [2 ,6 ]
Robjhon, Miliaritiana [3 ]
Bekele, Endalkachew [3 ]
Arsenault, Kristi [5 ,7 ]
Peterson, Pete [2 ]
Harrison, Laura [2 ]
Fuhrman, Steven [3 ]
Davenport, Frank [2 ]
Landsfeld, Marty [2 ]
Pedreros, Diego [1 ,2 ]
Jacob, Jossy P. [5 ,7 ]
Reynolds, Curt [8 ]
Becker-Reshef, Inbal [9 ]
Verdin, James [10 ]
机构
[1] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA
[2] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
[3] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA
[4] NOAA, Phys Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA
[5] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA
[6] Famine Early Warning Syst Network, Santa Barbara, CA USA
[7] Sci Applicat Int Corp Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA
[8] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA
[9] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[10] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Food Peace, Washington, DC 20523 USA
关键词
LAND-SURFACE; AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT; SOUTHERN AFRICA; EL-NINO; WATER; RAINFALL; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PRECIPITATION;
D O I
10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0233.1
中图分类号
P4 [大气科学(气象学)];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070601 ;
摘要
On a planet with a population of more than 7 billion, how do we identify the millions of drought-afflicted people who face a real threat of livelihood disruption or death without humanitarian assistance? Typically, these people are poor and heavily dependent on rainfed agriculture and livestock. Most live in Africa, Central America, or Southwest Asia. When the rains fail, incomes diminish while food prices increase, cutting off the poorest (most often women and children) from access to adequate nutrition. As seen in Ethiopia in 1984 and Somalia in 2011, food shortages can lead to famine. Yet these slow-onset disasters also provide opportunities for effective intervention, as seen in Ethiopia in 2015 and Somalia in 2017. Since 1985, the U.S. Agency for International Development's Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) has been providing evidence-based guidance for effective humanitarian relief efforts. FEWS NET depends on a Drought Early Warning System (DEWS) to help understand, monitor, model, and predict food insecurity. Here we provide an overview of FEWS NET's DEWS using examples from recent climate extremes. While drought monitoring and prediction provides just one part of FEWS NET's monitoring system, it draws from many disciplines-remote sensing, climate prediction, agroclimatic monitoring, and hydrologic modeling. Here we describe FEWS NET's multiagency multidisciplinary DEWS and Food Security Outlooks. This DEWS uses diagnostic analyses to guide predictions. Midseason droughts are monitored using multiple cutting-edge Earth-observing systems. Crop and hydrologic models can translate these observations into impacts. The resulting information feeds into FEWS NET reports, helping to save lives by motivating and targeting timely humanitarian assistance.
引用
收藏
页码:1011 / 1027
页数:17
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