Software development effort estimation: a systematic mapping study

The field of software-development effort estimation explores ways of defining effort through prediction approaches. Even though this field has a crucial impact on budgeting and project planning in industry, the number of works classifying and examining currently available approaches is still small. This article, therefore, presents a comprehensive overview of these approaches, and pinpoints research gaps, challenges and trends. A systematic mapping of the literature was designed and performed based on well-established practical guidelines. In total, 120 primary studies were selected, analysed and categorised, after applying a careful filtering process from a sample of 3746 candidate studies to answer six research questions. Over 70% of the selected studies adopted multiple effort estimation approaches; over 45% adopted evaluation research as a research method; over 90% of the participants were students, rather than professionals; most studies had their quality assessed as high, and were most commonly published in journals. Our study benefits practitioners and researchers by providing a body of knowledge about the current literature, serving as a starting point for upcoming studies. This article reports challenges worth investigating, regarding the use of cognitive load and team interaction.