The Anti-Diabetic Effect of Hibiscus Cannabinus Extract on the Submandibular Salivary Gland of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of Hibiscus cannabinus Linn leaf extract on the histological structure of the submandibular salivary gland in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Materials and Methods: Three groups consisting of lOadult male albino rats each were used in this experiment. Group, I served as the control, whereas group II consisted of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Finally, in group III, each alloxaninduced diabetic rat received an oral daily dose of methanolic extract of Hibiscus cannabinus Linn leaves equal to 400mg/kg body weight for four weeks after diabetes induction, using the same dose and like that of group II. In all groups, the rats were sacrificed four weeks after the experiment was initiated. The submandibular salivary glands were dissected, prepared, and stained with H&E for light microscopy examination. Results: Histopathological examination of the submandibular salivary glands in group II (the diabetic group) revealed a loss of the standard glandular architecture involving the entire structure of the glands, including the acini, duct system, connective tissue stroma, and blood vessels. Also, severe degenerative changes with an accumulation of numerous intracytoplasmic vacuoles affecting the serous acini and duct system were observed as compared to group I. Most of these alterations and degenerative changes disappeared or were markedly decreased in group III (the diabetic group treated with Hibiscus cannabinus Linn extract). Conclusions: Hibiscus cannabinus Linn leaf extract had a noticeable anti-diabetic effect on alloxan-induced diabetic alterations in the submandibular salivary glands of rats. Hence, Hibiscus cannabinus Linn leaves may be beneficial as a dietary supplement for reducing diabetes complications. Also, Hibiscus cannabinus Linn leaf extract can serve as a promising herbal medicine due to its effectiveness and safety.