Surgery for Fulminant Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis after Transapical Transcatheter Aortic Valve-in-Valve Implantation

We report the clinical course of a patient with a history of transapical aortic valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), actually suffering from prosthetic valve endocarditis. The patient now underwent cardiac surgery as a salvage procedure. The procedure itself was uneventful, but the patient died several days postoperative due to persisting sepsis. The present case raises the question, how to deal with high-risk patients, once considered unsuitable for cardiac surgery in presence of prosthetic valve infection? Up to now, there exists only insufficient knowledge about incidence, clinical course, and effectiveness of treatment strategies for prosthetic valve endocarditis after TAVI. A review of the available literature is given.