When does a finite group possess a non-trivial outer automorphism? In this paper for a finite p-nilpotent group G we shall prove the following results. (a) If \O-p(G)\ > p, then p divides the order of Out(G). (b) If O-p(G) is non-abelian, then p divides the order of C-Out(G) (Z(G)). Our results extend a famous theorem of Gaschutz and can be applied to the investigation of finite complete groups.
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Shanghai Univ, Dept Math, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R ChinaGuangdong Univ Educ, Dept Math, Guangzhou 510310, Guangdong, Peoples R China
Guo, Xiuyun
Li, Yangming
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Guangdong Univ Educ, Dept Math, Guangzhou 510310, Guangdong, Peoples R ChinaGuangdong Univ Educ, Dept Math, Guangzhou 510310, Guangdong, Peoples R China
Li, Yangming
Su, Ning
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Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Math, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R ChinaGuangdong Univ Educ, Dept Math, Guangzhou 510310, Guangdong, Peoples R China