Development of probe for simultaneous measurements of normal and shear stress and measurements of wall stress distributions of powder bed

A probe for simultaneous measurement of normal and shear stresses on wall surfaces of a powder bed is developed. Experimental results show that the probe makes it possible to independently measure the small normal and shear stresses at the same point, since the normal and shear stresses which act on the probe are mechanically separated by a shaft which is supported by miniature ball bearings. The measured data has been compared with calculated results using the incremental finite element method. Measured results are in fairly good agreement with calculated results and other known characteristics on the statics of powder beds.