RETRACTED: Serum microRNAs are altered in various stages of chronic kidney disease: a preliminary study (Retracted Article)

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are innovative and informative blood-based biomarkers involved in numerous pathophysiological processes. In this study and based on our previous experimental data, we investigated miR-126, miR-143, miR-145, miR-155 and miR-223 as potential circulating biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The primary objective of this study was to assess the levels of miRNA expression at various stages of CKD. Methods: RNA was extracted from serum, and RT-qPCR was performed for the five miRNAs and cel-miR-39 (internal control). Results: Serum levels of miR-143, -145 and -223 were elevated in patients with CKD compared with healthy controls. They were further increased in chronic haemodialysis patients, but were below control levels in renal transplant recipients. In contrast, circulating levels of miR-126 and miR-155 levels, which were also elevated in CKD patients, were lower in the haemodialysis group and even lower in the transplant group. Four of the five miRNA species were correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate, and three were correlated with circulating uraemic toxins. Conclusions: This exploratory study suggests that specific miRNAs could be biomarkers for complications of CKD, justifying further studies to link changes of miRNA levels with outcomes in CKD patients.