Madagascar's extraordinary biodiversity: Threats and opportunities

被引：83

作者：

Ralimanana, Helene ^{[1
]}

Perrigo, Allison L. ^{[2
,3
]}

Smith, Rhian J. ^{[3
,4
]}

Borrell, James S. ^{[2
,4
]}

Faurby, Soren ^{[1
,3
]}

Rajaonah, Mamy Tiana ^{[1
]}

Randriamboavonjy, Tianjanahary ^{[4
]}

Vorontsova, Maria S. ^{[2
,3
,4
]}

Cooke, Robert S. C. ^{[3
,5
]}

Phelps, Leanne N. ^{[6
,7
]}

Sayol, Ferran ^{[3
,8
]}

Andela, Niels ^{[9
]}

Andermann, Tobias ^{[2
,3
,10
,11
]}

Andriamanohera, Andotiana M. ^{[1
]}

Andriambololonera, Sylvie ^{[12
]}

Bachman, Steven P. ^{[4
]}

Bacon, Christine D. ^{[2
,3
]}

Baker, William J. ^{[4
]}

Belluardo, Francesco ^{[13
,14
,15
]}

Birkinshaw, Chris ^{[12
,16
]}

Cable, Stuart ^{[4
]}

Canales, Nataly A. ^{[17
]}

Carrillo, Juan D. ^{[3
,11
,18
,19
]}

Clegg, Rosie ^{[4
,20
]}

Clubbe, Colin ^{[4
]}

Crottini, Angelica ^{[13
,14
,15
]}

Damasco, Gabriel ^{[2
,21
]}

Dhanda, Sonia ^{[4
]}

Edler, Daniel ^{[2
,3
,22
]}

Farooq, Harith ^{[2
,3
,23
]}

Ferreira, Paola de Lima ^{[24
]}

Fisher, Brian L. ^{[25
]}

Forest, Felix ^{[4
]}

Gardiner, Lauren M. ^{[26
]}

Goodman, Steven M. ^{[27
,28
]}

Grace, Olwen M. ^{[4
]}

Guedes, Thais B. ^{[29
]}

Hackel, Jan ^{[4
]}

Henniges, Marie C. ^{[4
,30
]}

Hill, Rowena ^{[4
]}

Lehmann, Caroline E. R. ^{[6
,7
]}

Lowry, I. I. Porter P. ^{[16
,31
]}

Marline, Lovanomenjanahary ^{[1
,27
]}

Matos-Maravi, Pavel ^{[3
,24
]}

Moat, Justin ^{[4
]}

Neves, Beatriz ^{[3
,32
]}

Nogueira, Matheus G. C. ^{[32
]}

Onstein, Renske E. ^{[33
,34
]}

Papadopulos, Alexander S. T. ^{[35
]}

Perez-Escobar, Oscar A. ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] Kew Madagascar Conservat Ctr, Royal Bot Gardens, Antananarivo, Madagascar

[2] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden

[3] Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg Global Biodivers Ctr, Gothenburg, Sweden

[4] Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond, Surrey, England

[5] UK Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford, Oxon, England

[6] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

[7] Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

[8] UCL, Dept Genet Evolut & Environm, Ctr Biodivers & Environm Res, London, England

[9] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cardiff, Wales

[10] Uppsala Univ, Dept Organismal Biol, SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden

[11] Univ Fribourg, Dept Biol, Fribourg, Switzerland

[12] Madagascar Program, Missouri Bot Garden, Antananarivo, Madagascar

[13] Univ Porto, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, InBIO Lab Assoc, CIBIO, Vairao, Portugal

[14] Univ Porto, Dept Biol, Fac Ciencias, Porto, Portugal

[15] CIBIO, BIOPOLIS Program Genom, Biodivers & Land Planning, Campus Vairao, Vairao, Portugal

[16] Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO USA

[17] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

[18] Museum Natl Hist Nat, CR2P, Paris, France

[19] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Fribourg, Switzerland

[20] Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Exeter, Devon, England

[21] Univ Fed Rio Grande Do Norte, Dept Botan Zool, Natal, RN, Brazil

[22] Umea Univ, Dept Phys, Integrated Sci Lab, Umea, Sweden

[23] Lurio Univ, Fac Nat Sci, Pemba, Cabo Delgado, Mozambique

[24] CAS, Inst Entomol, Biol Ctr, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

[25] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA USA

[26] Cambridge Univ Herbarium, Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge, England

[27] Assoc Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar

[28] Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL USA

[29] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil

[30] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Biol & Behav Sci, London, England

[31] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Inst Syst Evolut & Biodiversite ISYEB, Paris, France

[32] Univ Fed Rio De Janeiro, Museu Nacl, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

[33] Nat Biodivers Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands

[34] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany

[35] Bangor Univ, Sch Nat Sci, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales

[36] UN Environm Programme World Conservat Monitoring, Cambridge, England

[37] Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC USA

[38] Univ Antananarivo, Dept Plant Biol & Ecol, Antananarivo, Madagascar

[39] Univ La Serena, Inst Ecol & Biodiversidad, La Serena, Chile

[40] Univ La Serena, Univ Catolica Norte, Programa Doctorado Biol & Ecol Aplicada, La Serena, Chile

[41] Ileiry Geospatial Serv, Antananarivo, Madagascar

[42] WWF, Antananarivo, Madagascar

[43] Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, Plant Conservat Unit, Cape Town, South Africa

[44] Botan Gardens Conservat Int, Richmond, Surrey, England

[45] Vilnius Univ, Life Sci Ctr, Inst Biosci, Vilnius, Lithuania

[46] Royal Holloway Univ London, Egham, Surrey, England

[47] Cologne Zoo, Cologne, Germany

[48] Univ Cologne, Inst Zool, Cologne, Germany

[49] Philipps Univ Marburg, Dept Biol, Marburg, Germany

[50] Univ Oxford, Dept Biol, Oxford, England

来源：

SCIENCE | 2022年 / 378卷 / 6623期

基金：

瑞士国家科学基金会; 瑞典研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会; 英国自然环境研究理事会; 欧盟地平线“2020”; 英国艺术与人文研究理事会; 巴西圣保罗研究基金会;

关键词：

CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; CONSERVATION; PLANT; DEFORESTATION; FOREST; DIVERSITY; GENETICS; IMPACTS; FUTURE;

D O I：

10.1126/science.adf1466

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Madagascar's unique biota is heavily affected by human activity and is under intense threat. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the conservation status of Madagascar's terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity by presenting data and analyses on documented and predicted species-level conservation statuses, the most prevalent and relevant threats, ex situ collections and programs, and the coverage and comprehensiveness of protected areas. The existing terrestrial protected area network in Madagascar covers 10.4% of its land area and includes at least part of the range of the majority of described native species of vertebrates with known distributions (97.1% of freshwater fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals combined) and plants (67.7%). The overall figures are higher for threatened species (97.7% of threatened vertebrates and 79.6% of threatened plants occurring within at least one protected area). International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments and Bayesian neural network analyses for plants identify overexploitation of biological resources and unsustainable agriculture as themost prominent threats to biodiversity. We highlight five opportunities for action at multiple levels to ensure that conservation and ecological restoration objectives, programs, and activities take account of complex underlying and interacting factors and produce tangible benefits for the biodiversity and people of Madagascar.

引用

页码：963 / +

页数：14

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