Use of Physical Activity and Exercise to Reduce Inflammation in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

被引:43
作者
Calcaterra, Valeria [1 ,2 ]
Vandoni, Matteo [3 ]
Rossi, Virginia [2 ]
Berardo, Clarissa [4 ]
Grazi, Roberta [2 ]
Cordaro, Erika [1 ]
Tranfaglia, Valeria [2 ]
Carnevale Pellino, Vittoria [4 ,5 ]
Cereda, Cristina [6 ]
Zuccotti, Gianvincenzo [2 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Pavia, Dept Internal Med, Pediat & Adolescent Unit, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
[2] Vittore Buzzi Childrens Hosp, Pediat Dept, I-20154 Milan, Italy
[3] Univ Pavia, Dept Publ Hlth Expt Med & Forens Sci, Lab Adapted Motor Act LAMA, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
[4] Univ Milan, Dept Biomed & Clin Sci, I-20157 Milan, Italy
[5] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Ind Engn, I-00133 Rome, Italy
[6] V Buzzi Childrens Hosp, Neonatal Screening & Metab Disorders Unit, I-20154 Milan, Italy
关键词
inflammation; obesity; exercise; physical activity; children; adolescents; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; BODY-MASS INDEX; LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; BLOOD MONOCYTES; ALTERNATIVE ACTIVATION; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE;
D O I
10.3390/ijerph19116908
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Childhood obesity is a leading public health problem worldwide, as it is increasingly prevalent and therefore responsible for serious obesity-related comorbidities, not only in childhood but also in adulthood. In addition to cardio-metabolic obesity-related disorders, recent evidence suggests that excess adipose tissue in turn is associated with immune cell infiltration, increased adipokine release, and the development of low-grade systemic inflammation obesity. Exercise is considered a non-pharmacological intervention that can delay obesity-related comorbidities, improving cardiovascular fitness and modulating the inflammatory processes. It has been reported that the anti-inflammatory effect of regular exercise may be mediated by a reduction in visceral fat mass, with a subsequent decrease in the release of adipokines from adipose tissue (AT) and/or by the induction of an anti-inflammatory environment. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of AT as an endocrine organ associated with chronic inflammation and its role in obesity-related complications, focusing on the effect of exercise in reducing inflammation in children and adolescents with obesity. Regular physical exercise must be considered as a natural part of a healthy lifestyle, and promoting physical activity starting from childhood is useful to limit the negative effects of obesity on health. The crucial role of the immune system in the development of obesity-induced inflammatory processes and the efficacy of exercise as an anti-inflammatory, non-pharmacological intervention may provide possible targets for the development of new treatments and early preventive strategies.
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