Simulated cadmium transport in macroporous soil during heavy rainstorm using dual-permeability approach

Numerical modelling is used to analyze the transport of cadmium in response to an extreme rainfall event. The cadmium transport through the soil profile was simulated by the one-dimensional dual-permeability model, which assumes the existence of two mutually communicating domains: the soil matrix domain and the preferential flow domain. The model is based on Richards' equation for water flow and advection-dispersion equation for solute transport. A modified batch technique allowed us to consider domain specific sorption, i.e. each of the domains has its own distribution coefficient. The dual-permeability model predicts that the cadmium can be transported substantially below the root zone after the storm. On the other hand, classical single permeability approach predicted that almost all applied cadmium stays retained near the soil surface.