Eating behaviour and adherence to diet in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aims To assess restrained, emotional and external eating behaviour in patients newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes compared with the general population, and to assess the relationship of eating behaviour to changes in fat and energy. Methods We assessed emotional, external, and restrained eating behaviour and measured fat and energy intake in a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. Data from a comparable sample of the general population served as reference figures. We calculated correlation coefficients of the three different types of eating behaviour at diagnosis between: (i) energy and fat intake at diagnosis and (ii) changes in energy and fat intake between diagnosis and both 8 weeks and 4 years later. In addition, we used a stepwise multiple regression model with energy and fat intake or changes in energy and fat intake as dependent variables. Results The distribution of the three types of eating behaviour was similar in patients with Type 2 diabetes and the general population. Emotional and external eating was associated with increased intake of energy and fat. Conversely, restrained eating showed an inverse correlation with energy and fat intake. External eating, but not emotional eating, showed a statistically significant relation with a decrease in energy intake in women. We found no statistically significant correlations between eating behaviour (measured at diagnosis) and changes in energy and fat intake between diagnosis and 4 years. Conclusions Patients newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes have similar eating behaviour compared with the general population. At diagnosis, external eating behaviour and emotional eating behaviour are associated with high-energy intake and restrained eating behaviour with low-energy intake. Women with high scores for emotional eating behaviour seem to be less able to make initial dietary changes after being diagnosed and having received dietary advice.