First data of Neandertal bird and carnivore exploitation in the Cantabrian Region (Axlor; Barandiaran excavations; Dima, Biscay, Northern Iberian Peninsula)

被引:45
作者
Gomez-Olivencia, Asier [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Sala, Nohemi [3 ]
Nunez-Lahuerta, Carmen [4 ]
Sanchis, Alfred [5 ]
Arlegi, Mikel [1 ,6 ]
Rios-Garaizar, Joseba [7 ]
机构
[1] Univ Basque Country, Fac Ciencia & Tecnol, Dept Estratig & Paleontol, Barrio Sarriena S-N, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
[2] Ikerbasque, Basque Fdn Sci, Bilbao 48013, Spain
[3] Ctr UCM ISCIII Invest Evoluc & Comportamiento Hum, Avda Monforte de Lemos 5,Pabellon 14, Madrid 28029, Spain
[4] Univ Zaragoza, Fac Ciencias, Aragosaurus IUCA, Dept Ciencias Tierra, C Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
[5] Diputacio Valencia, Serv Invest Prehist, Museu Prehist Valencia, Corona 36, Valencia, Spain
[6] Univ Bordeaux, PACEA UMR 5199, Batiment B8,Allee Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, France
[7] Ctr Nacl Invest Evoluc Humana CENIEH, Archaeol Program, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos 09002, Spain
来源
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 2018年 / 8卷
关键词
BOLOMOR CAVE VALENCIA; MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE HUMANS; GRAN DOLINA SITE; BONE TOOLS; ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS; BREAKAGE PATTERNS; HUMAN CONSUMPTION; SWABIAN JURA; STONE TOOLS; FUMANE CAVE;
D O I
10.1038/s41598-018-28377-y
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Neandertals were top predators who basically relied on middle-to large-sized ungulates for dietary purposes, but there is growing evidence that supports their consumption of plants, leporids, tortoises, marine resources, carnivores and birds. The Iberian Peninsula has provided the most abundant record of bird exploitation for meat in Europe, starting in the Middle Pleistocene. However, the bird and carnivore exploitation record was hitherto limited to the Mediterranean area of the Iberian Peninsula. Here we present the first evidence of bird and carnivore exploitation by Neandertals in the Cantabrian region. We have found cut-marks in two golden eagles, one raven, one wolf and one lynx remain from the Mousterian levels of Axlor. The obtaining of meat was likely the primary purpose of the cut-marks on the golden eagle and lynx remains. Corvids, raptors, felids and canids in Axlor could have likely acted as commensals of the Neandertals, scavenging upon the carcasses left behind by these hunter-gatherers. This could have brought them closer to Neandertal groups who could have preyed upon them. These new results provide additional information on their dietary scope and indicate a more complex interaction between Neandertals and their environment.
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页数:14
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