Consuming terrorism

This article discusses a process that linked giving and spending to patriotism, domestic control, and a major foreign policy shift following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Analysis of news reports and advertisements suggests that popular culture and mass media depictions of fear, patriotism, consumption, and victimization contributed to the emergence of a national identity and collective action that transformed the meaning of terrorism from a strategy to a condition: terrorism world. Initial declarations about recovery and retaliation to promote patriotism became a "war on terrorism" with no end in sight. In this process, global policing that would justify a 'first strike' against sovereign governments was socially constructed as commensurate with personal caring and national identity. These findings are organized around three points: (1) fear supported consumption as a meaningful way for audiences to sustain an identity of substance and character, (2) consumption and giving were joined symbolically as government and business propaganda emphasized common themes of spending and buying to "help the country get back on track"; (3) the absence of a clear target for reprisals contributed to the construction of broad symbolic enemies and goals.