Utilization of coupled microwave assisted micellar extraction with solid phase micro extraction and solid phase extraction for the liquid chromatographic determination of chlorinated pesticides

Microwave assisted micellar extraction (MAME) has several advantages with respect to conventional methods, with the use of surfactants as extractants, reducing extraction times, cost and toxicity. However, in MAME extraction some interfering compounds can be extracted, for this reason, the coupling with clean-up and preconcentration steps represent an improvement of this methodology. Solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and solid phase extraction (SPE) can be applied for the clean-up and preconcentration of MAME extract, increasing the sensitivity and selectivity of the method, removing the interference and decreasing the detection limits (from 300 ng.g(-1) to 10-30 ng.g(-1)) applying HPLC as determination method. MAME-SPME and MAME-SPE procedures have been applied to environmental samples for the extraction and determination of organochlorine pesticides with very satisfactory results.