Determination of Location, Size, and Transmurality of Chronic Myocardial Infarction Without Exogenous Contrast Media by Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3 T

Background-Late-gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) cardiac MRI (CMR) is a powerful method for characterizing myocardial infarction (MI), but the requisite gadolinium infusion is estimated to be contraindicated in approximate to 20% of patients with MI because of end-stage chronic kidney disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether T-1 CMR obtained without contrast agents at 3 T could be an alternative to LGE CMR for characterizing chronic MIs using a canine model of MI. Methods and Results-Canines (n=29) underwent CMR at 7 days (acute MI [AMI]) and 4 months (chronic MI [CMI]) after MI. Infarct location, size, and transmurality measured by using native T-1 maps and LGE images at 1.5 T and 3 T were compared. Resolution of edema between AMI and CMI was examined with T-2 maps. T-1 maps overestimated infarct size and transmurality relative to LGE images in AMI (P=0.016 and P=0.007, respectively), which was not observed in CMI (P=0.49 and P=0.81, respectively) at 3 T. T-1 maps underestimated infarct size and transmurality relative to LGE images in AMI and CMI (P<0.001) at 1.5 T. Relative to the remote territories, T-1 of the infarcted myocardium was increased in CMI and AMI (P<0.05), and T-2 of the infarcted myocardium was increased in AMI (P<0.001) but not in CMI (P>0.20) at both field strengths. Histology showed extensive replacement fibrosis within the CMI territories. CMI detection sensitivity and specificity of T-1 CMR at 3 T were 95% and 97%, respectively. Conclusions-Native T-1 maps at 3 T can determine the location, size, and transmurality of CMI with high diagnostic accuracy. Patient studies are necessary for clinical translation.