Flavobacterium parvum sp nov., isolated from soil polluted by sewer water

A novel Gram-stain-negative, motile by means of gliding, and short rod-shaped bacterium, designated HS916(T), was isolated from soil polluted by sewer water in Cheonan-si, South Korea. Growth occurred at 10-35 degrees C (optimum 30 degrees C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0), and 0-1% sodium chloride (NaCl, w/v). Based on similarities of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain HS916(T) was closely related to members of the genus Flavobacterium, exhibiting the highest sequence similarities with Flavobacterium glycines Gm-149(T) (96.4%), followed by F. granuli Kw05(T) (96.3%), F. fluminis 3R17(T) (96.3%), F. aquicola TMd3a3(T) (96.2%), and F. nitratireducens N1(T) (96.2%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain HS916T was placed in a monophyletic cluster with F. nitratireducens N1(T) and F. fluminis 3R17(T). The predominant fatty acids (> 5% of the total) of strain HS916(T) were iso-C-15:0, anteiso-C-15:0, iso-C-15:0 3-OH, C-17:1 omega 6c, C-16:0 3-OH, iso-C-17:0 3-OH, and summed feature 3 (C-16:1 omega 7c and/or C-16:1 omega 6c). The major polar lipids of the strain comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminolipids, and five unidentified lipids. The predominant respiratory quinone and the major polyamine were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and symhomospermidine, respectively. The DNA G + C content of strain HS916(T) was 34.9 mol%. Based on polyphasic analyses, strain HS916(T) represents a novel species belonging to the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium parvum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HS916T (= KACC 19448(T) = JCM 32368(T)).