Extralobar pulmonary sequestration in neonates: The natural course and predictive factors associated with spontaneous regression

To describe the natural course of extralobar pulmonary sequestration (EPS) and identify factors associated with spontaneous regression of EPS. We retrospectively searched for patients diagnosed with EPS on initial contrast CT scan within 1 month after birth and had a follow-up CT scan without treatment. Spontaneous regression of EPS was assessed by percentage decrease in volume (PDV) and percentage decrease in sum of the diameter of systemic feeding arteries (PDD) by comparing initial and follow-up CT scans. Clinical and CT features were analysed to determine factors associated with PDV and PDD rates. Fifty-one neonates were included. The cumulative proportions of patients reaching PDV > 50 % and PDD > 50 % were 93.0 % and 73.3 % at 4 years, respectively. Tissue attenuation was significantly associated with PDV rate (B = -21.78, P < .001). The tissue attenuation (B = -22.62, P = .001) and diameter of the largest systemic feeding arteries (B = -48.31, P = .011) were significant factors associated with PDD rate. The volume and diameter of systemic feeding arteries of EPS spontaneously decreased within 4 years without treatment. EPSs showing a low tissue attenuation and small diameter of the largest systemic feeding arteries on initial contrast-enhanced CT scans were likely to regress spontaneously. aEuro cent Extralobar pulmonary sequestration (EPS) could show spontaneous regression. aEuro cent Initial CT features may predict spontaneous regression of EPS. aEuro cent The tissue attenuation and diameter of systemic feeding artery are important factors.