Lamin A/C: Function in Normal and Tumor Cells

被引:60
作者
Dubik, Niina [1 ]
Mai, Sabine [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Manitoba, Dept Physiol & Pathophysiol, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
关键词
lamin A; C; lamin proteins; nuclear lamina; genomic instability; tumor cells; cancer; prostate cancer; A-TYPE LAMINS; NUCLEAR LAMINS; CANCER CELLS; STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION; TELOMERASE INHIBITORS; PROSTATE-CANCER; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; PROTEIN; GENE;
D O I
10.3390/cancers12123688
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Simple Summary The aim of this review is to summarize lamin A/C's currently known functions in both normal and diseased cells. Lamin A/C is a nuclear protein with many functions in cells, such as maintaining a cell's structural stability, cell motility, mechanosensing, chromosome organization, gene regulation, cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, and telomere protection. Mutations of the lamin A/C gene, incorrect processing of the protein, and lamin A/C deregulation can lead to various diseases and cancer. This review touches on diseases caused by mutation and incorrect processing of lamin A/C, called laminopathies. The effect of lamin A/C deregulation in cancer is also reviewed, and lamin A/C's potential in helping to diagnose prostate cancers more accurately is discussed. This review is focused on lamin A/C, a nuclear protein with multiple functions in normal and diseased cells. Its functions, as known to date, are summarized. This summary includes its role in maintaining a cell's structural stability, cell motility, mechanosensing, chromosome organization, gene regulation, cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, and telomere protection. As lamin A/C has a variety of critical roles within the cell, mutations of the lamin A/C gene and incorrect processing of the protein results in a wide variety of diseases, ranging from striated muscle disorders to accelerated aging diseases. These diseases, collectively termed laminopathies, are also touched upon. Finally, we review the existing evidence of lamin A/C's deregulation in cancer. Lamin A/C deregulation leads to various traits, including genomic instability and increased tolerance to mechanical insult, which can lead to more aggressive cancer and poorer prognosis. As lamin A/C's expression in specific cancers varies widely, currently known lamin A/C expression in various cancers is reviewed. Additionally, Lamin A/C's potential as a biomarker in various cancers and as an aid in more accurately diagnosing intermediate Gleason score prostate cancers is also discussed.
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页码:1 / 21
页数:21
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