Stress and Emotional Reactivity as Explanations for Gender Differences in Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms

被引:118
作者
Charbonneau, Anna M. [1 ]
Mezulis, Amy H. [1 ]
Hyde, Janet Shibley [2 ]
机构
[1] Seattle Pacific Univ, Dept Clin Psychol, Seattle, WA 98119 USA
[2] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Dept Gender & Womens Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Gender; Depression; Adolescence; Emotional reactivity; SEX-DIFFERENCES; COGNITIVE VULNERABILITY; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; LIFE EVENTS; TEMPERAMENT; CHILDHOOD; PREVALENCE; ADJUSTMENT; DISORDERS;
D O I
10.1007/s10964-009-9398-8
中图分类号
B844 [发展心理学(人类心理学)];
学科分类号
040202 ;
摘要
In this longitudinal study, we examined whether certain types of stressful events and how individuals respond to these events would explain gender differences in depressive symptoms among adolescents. We hypothesized that certain stressful events would mediate the relationship between gender and depressive symptoms. We also hypothesized that individual differences in emotional reactivity would impact part of this relationship. Lastly, we examined whether gender differences in early childhood temperament might explain gender differences in emotional reactivity in adolescence. We examined these hypotheses in a sample of 315 adolescents (51% females; 93% Caucasian; 3% African-American; and 1% each Hispanic, Asian-American, and Native American) participating in a longitudinal study of child development since birth. We used multiple regression and constrained nonlinear regression to analyze the data. Results indicated that stressful events significantly mediated gender differences in depression, and that individual differences in emotional reactivity to these stressors significantly moderated the relationship between stress and depression. We also observed significant gender differences in emotional reactivity to these stressors; temperamental differences in withdrawal negativity in infancy were marginally significant in mediating gender differences in emotional reactivity to stress in adolescence.
引用
收藏
页码:1050 / 1058
页数:9
相关论文
共 36 条
[1]   HOPELESSNESS DEPRESSION - A THEORY-BASED SUBTYPE OF DEPRESSION [J].
ABRAMSON, LY ;
ALLOY, LB ;
METALSKY, GI .
PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW, 1989, 96 (02) :358-372
[2]   SEX-DIFFERENCES AND ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION [J].
ALLGOODMERTEN, B ;
LEWINSOHN, PM ;
HOPS, H .
JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1990, 99 (01) :55-63
[3]   THE MODERATOR MEDIATOR VARIABLE DISTINCTION IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL-RESEARCH - CONCEPTUAL, STRATEGIC, AND STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS [J].
BARON, RM ;
KENNY, DA .
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1986, 51 (06) :1173-1182
[4]  
Belsky J., 1998, ANN PROGR CHILD PSYC
[5]   TEMPERAMENT AND SCHOOL-AGED CHILDRENS COPING ABILITIES AND RESPONSES TO STRESS [J].
CARSON, DK ;
BITTNER, MT .
JOURNAL OF GENETIC PSYCHOLOGY, 1994, 155 (03) :289-302
[6]  
CASPI A, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P486, DOI 10.2307/1131592
[7]   Optimism-pessimism and stress appraisal: Testing a cognitive interactive model of psychological adjustment in adults [J].
Chang, EC .
COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH, 2002, 26 (05) :675-690
[8]   TEMPERAMENT, PERSONALITY, AND THE MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS [J].
CLARK, LA ;
WATSON, D ;
MINEKA, S .
JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1994, 103 (01) :103-116
[9]   Temperament, stress reactivity, and coping: Implications for depression in childhood and adolescence [J].
Compas, BE ;
Connor-Smith, J ;
Jaser, SS .
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, 2004, 33 (01) :21-31
[10]   ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR AND DAILY STRESSFUL EVENTS DURING ADOLESCENCE - THE ADOLESCENT PERCEIVED EVENTS SCALE [J].
COMPAS, BE ;
DAVIS, GE ;
FORSYTHE, CJ ;
WAGNER, BM .
JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1987, 55 (04) :534-541