Plasma-are surface treatment is a rather simple and effective method for hardening steels. The increase in the resistance to external effects depends on the treatment parameters, the composition of the treated alloy, its initial structure, and the preliminary and post-heat treatment. The present work is devoted to the effect of the regime of plasma-are surface treatment of steels with different initial structures on the proportion and extent of the strengthened layers, the distribution of the phase and structural components in them, and the wear resistance.