Gravure printing of enzymes and phages

Detection and disabling of biological pathogens such as bacteria and viruses is of great importance to control diseases apparition and to insure the environmental integrity of air, water or food. Due to their flexibility, low cost and case of fabrication, papers and non-wovens are ideal substrates to support bio-chemical sensors. In this work, we show that it hydrogen peroxide bio-sensor can be made by gravure printing of horseradish peroxidase enzyme on paper. In particular, we discuss the effect of shear rates on the biological functionalities of the enzyme and show that shear is not large enough to impair large scale industrial printing of this particular enzyme. We also show that phages, viruses that can infect and destroy E. Coli bacteria can effectively be printed on paper.