Energy Efficient Region Based Clustering Algorithm for WSN using Fuzzy Logic

WSN consists of small sensor nodes with a set of processor and limited amount of inbuilt memory units for purpose of sensing various types of relevant data from any specific region of environment. Some important applications of WSN are military, machine surveillance, preventive maintenance, disaster relief operations etc. In this type of network, routing is a little bit more complex as compared to ordinary wireless or wired networks. The routing protocols those are applied for different types of the other networks cannot be used here because here in WSN, nodes are battery powered. Due to this, WSN should be the energy efficient. Entire network lifetime is depending on efficient energy consumption in sensor network. Clustering is one of the techniques to utilize the energy of network efficiently. This method consumes extra communication overhead in exchanging messes for selecting appropriate cluster head. This type of transmission of message from node to node consumes extra energy that makes energy resources inefficient. This paper provides an approach to prolong the WSN lifetime using fuzzy logic based selection of cluster head that provides completely non probabilistic approach. This approach uses two fuzzy variables: Base station distance and residual energy of sensor nodes. In this approach multi-hop communication is used. One cluster Head (CH) has the authority to communicate with the other CH and also with the BS. Simulation result verifies the proposed approach in prolonging the WSNs network lifetime.