Heat Flow Asymmetry in Mantle Plumes

All known mantle plumes are characterized by a divergence between the location of the extreme heat flow and the recent volcanism center. To explain this phenomenon, it is proposed to consider the Coriolis effect influence, which deflects the magma flow within a mantle plume from the trajectory that is orthogonal to the planet surface. A formula was used that relates the deviation, the latitude of heat flow anomaly and the depth to the source of magmatism. The evolution of tectonomagmatic activity manifested itself differently in individual plumes. The evolution of the Hawaiian and Mascarene plumes can be explained by the prolonged magmatic material advection from the mantle transition layer, whose source is near the Lehmann boundary in the mantle (400-450 km), and the discrepancy between the center of volcanism position and the heat flow anomaly is explained by the influence of the Coriolis force. In the case of the Iceland and Yellowstone plumes, their evolution is associated not only with the heat and mass transfer of material from the transition mantle layer, but also with the influence of magmatism from the depleted mantle, characteristic of divergent zones.